Kenya’s population is estimated to be 33.8 million *. In 2000, half of the population was estimated to be living under the poverty line.

MRA’s program started in Transmara District of Rift Valley, a Western province of Kenya. Most of the population of Transmara belongs to Maasai tribe, who are nomadic people, often recognized as icons of Africa because of their traditional attires, braids, colorful markings, painted, tall and slim bodies.  Maasai men are primarily herdsmen and live unsettled lives.  Often they leave homes and families for long periods to pastures taking care of cattle.  While away, if an age mate visits his dwelling, he may put his spear outside the entrance to indicate that he is inside and can enjoy conjugal rights.  This practice is on the wane now but still one of the causes of HIV prevalence among the Maasai.

Sexual life styles and practices of the population at large are conducive for the transmission of the virus throughout the country. According to an USAID report, there are nearly two million persons infected with HIV in Kenya.  However, the highest rate of infection appears to be in the Western borders of the country (this includes Transmara) where rates may be as high 30 percent among adult population.  In the VCT session held in Isokoni by MRA’s counterpart CHDF, of the 32 persons tested, 6 were found positive. This yields rate of 18.75%, which is close to the 20% prevalent in the area. Lack of knowledge of the means of prevention among population at risk is another factor responsible for the high infection rates.

A survey among young women of age 15-24 in 2000 showed that only 26% could identify two ways of preventing HIV infection.  Malaria, water borne diseases and sleeping sickness are the other maladies prevalent in the area.  Although it is not commonly understood, Malaria is the largest killer in Africa.  Another issue is hygiene and sanitation for the Maasai.  Their mud huts have no provision for flush or any toilets.  Everybody has to go to nearby fields.  Women and children, especially sick and frail persons do need facilities near to them.  Hygiene education together with pragmatic solutions might save many valuable lives.